17% Swell in College Financial Aid Submissions Hints at Economy's Effect on Families

More families are appealing to the federal governmentloans.
for help this year in paying for college, as parents faceEven after the government passed emergency
a shrinking job market, record-high food and gas prices,legislation in May in the Ensuring Continued Access to
and tightened borrowing restrictions that have grownStudent Loans Act that would allow the Department
out of the current credit crisis.of Education to purchase federal student loan
Submissions of the Free Application for Federalportfolios from FFELP lenders as a means of providing
Student Aid (FAFSA) are up 17 percent this year,these lenders with the capital they need to originate
according to a recent report released by the U.S.new student loans, FFELP lenders have simply been
Department of Education. Never before has theunable to come up with the money they would need
Education Department been bombarded with so manyto fund an initial portfolio they could sell to the
FAFSA submissions, totaling 9 million for thegovernment.
2008–09 school year — 1.3 million moreCash-strapped and in a liquidity crunch, over 100
than last year, even though only 300,000 new studentsFFELP lenders to date have suspended their federal
are expected to enter the higher education systemstudent loan programs, leaving hundreds of thousands
this fall.of students and parents looking for a new lender for
The students who have traditionally relied on federaltheir federal college loans.
student loans to pay for college are being joined, sayFearing the increasing instability of the FFEL program,
financial aid experts, by over a million additionalnearly 300 colleges and universities so far this year
students whose families have previously been able tohave already applied to join the more than 4,600
pay for school on their own but are now in need ofschools enrolled in the Education Department’s
federal financial support.Direct Loan Program, through which students receive
“What we are seeing is more people filling outtheir federal parent and college loans directly from the
requests for financial aid,” said Richard Toomey,government rather than through a third-party FFELP
associated vice provost at Santa Clara University.lender. In a recent survey conducted by Student
“Students who haven’t neededLending Analytics, 40 percent of college administrators
assistance before are coming in.”said they were contemplating the switch from the
As Economy Hits Student Loan Lenders, Schools TurnFFEL program to the Direct Loan Program as well.
to Federal GovernmentPrivate Student Loans Harder to Come By
Typically, in the summer months before school starts,Many families who have relied on private student loans
student loan providers would be saturated withto supplement their federal grants and college loans
potential borrowers shopping for federal and privateare also on the search for new lenders as providers
student loans. This year, in particular, with the economyof non-federal private student loans face the same
in a downturn and unemployment as its highest level inliquidity crunch as FFELP lenders.
five years, lenders would expect to be processing aThose private loan providers that haven’t yet
larger-than average volume of student loansuspended their private student loan programs have
applications for the growing number of families in needbeen forced to tighten their credit requirements in
of financial assistance — that is, if the lendersresponse to investor concerns.
weren’t being affected by the sinking economyUnder these more restrictive credit criteria, the majority
themselves.of college students, who typically have little or no
Caught in the ongoing credit squeeze, a number ofestablished credit history, will likely not be able to qualify
lenders of non-federal, credit-based private studentfor a private student loan without a co-signer. And with
loans have been forced to suspend their privateforeclosures rising and families struggling to pay their
student loan programs.bills, a student’s parents or other family may not
And lenders of federal college loans aren’tqualify as co-signers either. Whereas last year, a
faring much better.student or co-signer with a credit score of 620 might
Last fall, Congress passed federal legislation that cuthave met the minimum credit-score requirement for a
over $21 billion in federal subsidies to lenders in theprivate student loan, many lenders are currently
Federal Family Education Loan Program, rendering theaccepting only minimum scores of 700 or higher. The
government-backed parent and student loans madeaverage national credit score, according to Experian, is
through these third-party FFELP lenders essentially694.
unprofitable. Compounding these lenders’The stricter credit criteria and growing scarcity of
sudden loss of government subsidies are the generalprivate student loan lenders are already having a
troubles in the student loan credit markets, part of thedramatic impact on the number of students who will
far-reaching aftershocks of the subprime mortgagebe able to rely on private student loans to help them
meltdown.pay for college this semester — particularly
Many of the non-bank FFELP lenders secure thethose low-income students who may need the most
capital they need to make new federal college loansfinancial assistance but are the least likely to qualify
by packaging and selling their student loan portfolios inunder more stringent credit and income requirements.
the secondary market. But investors, still skittish afterAt community colleges and career-training schools, for
the collapse of the subprime and Alt-A credit marketsexample, where lower tuition costs are particularly
and wary of any kind of defaults in the face ofattractive to low- and middle-income families, only 25
spiraling foreclosure rates in the housing sector, haveto 35 percent of the students have been approved for
stopped buying packaged student loans. Withoutprivate student loans this year, according to Harris
buyers for their federal student loan portfolios, FFELPMiller, president of the Career College Association,
lenders aren’t able to generate the liquiditycompared to the 75 to 80 percent that qualified last
necessary to fund any new federal parent or studentyear.